1 These figures have increased substantially even over the past decade. 1 There are few limits to access 98% of children and adolescents live in homes with radio and CD or MP3 players, and 86% of 8- to 18-year-old children and adolescents have CD or MP3 players in their bedrooms. While 15- to 18-year-old adolescents are forming health attitudes and behaviors that will last a lifetime, they are exposed to 2.4 hours of music per day, according to a large nationally representative study. Most songs with substance use (63 ) portrayed more positive than negative consequences these positive consequences were most commonly social, sexual, financial, or emotional.Īlthough the influence of music on human beings was recognized even before the time of Shakespeare, current technological and social changes dramatically magnify that influence. Only 4 songs (4%) contained explicit antiuse messages, and none portrayed substance refusal. In the 93 songs with substance use, it was most often motivated by peer/social pressure (45 ) or sex (28 ) use was commonly associated with partying (50 ), sex (43 ), violence (27 ), and/or humor (22 ). While only 2.9% of the 279 songs portrayed tobacco use, 23.7% depicted alcohol use, 13.6% depicted marijuana use, and 11.5% depicted other or unspecified substance use. Portrayal of substance use varied significantly ( P<.001) by genre, with 1 or more references in 3 of 35 pop songs (9%), 9 of 66 rock songs (14%), 11 of 55 R&B/hip-hop songs (20%), 22 of 61 country songs (36%), and 48 of 62 rap songs (77%). Of the 279 songs, 93 (33.3%) portrayed substance use, with an average of 35.2 substance references per song-hour.
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